Experimental techniques

 

Time

Time can be measured using a stopwatch or stopclock which are usually accurate to

one or two decimal places.

The units of time normally used are seconds or minutes although other units may be

used for extremely slow reactions (e.g. rusting).

1 minute = 60 seconds.

Temperature

Temperature is measured using a thermometer which can normally give readings to

the nearest degree. Digital thermometers are available which are more accurate.

The units of temperature are degrees Celsius (oC).

Mass

Mass is measured using a digital balance which normally gives readings to two

decimal places. These must be tared (set to zero) before use.

The standard unit of mass is kilograms (kg) but in chemistry grams (g) are used most

often.

1 kilogram = 1000 grams.

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